Background:
Source:
For question 1, we were given the appendix from the Moanaroa Pacific Research Guidelines, a publication out of the Auckland University of Technology (AUT) Moanaroa Pacific Research Network: https://moanaroa.aut.ac.nz/pacific-research-guidelines
As our own collective, we were just given the appendix: Moanaroa Pacific Research Guidelines_Appendix
The question and my thinking-out-loud sense-making (a dialogic with myself) are based on Table 1, "Examples of Pacific Methodologies," in the Appendix.
He Nīnau:
He Manaʻo:
Based on a quick glance and a few deeper dives --
• Tonga and Samoa are actively finding their metaphor
I just looked at the Education examples, as that is what I know best. The methodologies are listed chronologically by publication date, but besides the name of the methodology, a few key ideas, metaphor, application, field and source, I also looked at island origins of these methodologies. Tonga and Samoa appear to still be actively searching for and defining their distinct metaphors.
• The Māori are one and done
If you have heard Māori scholars present outside of Aotearoa or within country, they invariably talk about Kaupapa Māori as the methodology used. In this appendix under application, it succinctly describes the application of this methodology as "Research often referred to as for, by, and with Māori."
It is as if Professor Graham Smith and Dr. Linda Tuhiwai Smith offered up the six original principles by 1999, and said enough - and then moved on to building up their ocean of Māori PhDs and Māori colleges and universities. One and done, except for the two additional principles added later. While the other island nations are still philosophizing on the banks of the loʻi, the Māori are in the loʻi, busy tending and growing their crops of scholars. Although the principles may be familiar in Indigenous research circles, the Smiths make it clear that this approach is for Māori scholars doing research for Māori communities and in partnership with these same Māori community members. Kaupapa Maori is not for other Oceania scholars, Kiwi allies, and other Indigenous groups, no matter how similar our cultural values.
• The methodologies are more essence, less form
Aunty Lynette Paglinawan, in Volume III of Nānā i Ke Kumu talks about respecting the totality of form and essence (p. 17). As she defines it:
The "form" in methodology is perhaps those scholarly tools "defined literally, and performed literally and with technical precision" that we categorize into quantitative or qualitative research.
Following this dialogic, mixed methods is a way to "respect the totality of form and essence." Perhaps to Dr. Creswell, this appendix looks heavily qualitative because qualitative tools more closely resemble the essence in its agreed upon form and intention.
He Ninau Wahi Pūniu:
How do we keep the essence of these Pacific Methodologies examples while using a quantitative form -- one that typically carries a more universal intention and a larger sample size (n) than "Research for, by, and with Māori?"
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